Early Mormons and Mass Poisoning. Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by elements of the Danite organization. [40][41] I will not obey your order. [48] Smith's followers, commonly known as Mormons, began to settle in Jackson County in 1831 to "build up" the city of Zion. Rumor reached Far West that a Militia unit from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the Militia out of the county. In 1838, however, the state of Missouri entered into a full-scale war against the Mormons. "[62] Some Latter-day Saints claimed that some of the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame the Mormons. Jacob Stollings, a Gallatin merchant, was reported to have been generous in selling to Mormons on credit, but his store was plundered and burned with the rest. Once engaged with the commanding officers of the English foe, these seasoned war veterans would have easily defeated King Edward's knights and possibly killed the. After the court martial, he ordered General Alexander William Doniphan: You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square of Far West and shoot them at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.[100]. Mormon was the name of a prophet from that record who edited religious writings of people who originally came from Jerusalem at about 600 B.C. Mormon leaders appealed to the state legislature to overturn the requirement that they leave the state, but the legislature tabled the issue until a date well after that when the Mormons would have left the state. Rumor reached Far West that a mob of vigilantes from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the mob out of the county. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. The church . [62] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. June: Danites organize in Far West. . [13] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results.[22]. De Witt possessed a strategically important location near the intersection of the Grand River and the Missouri River. The question of whether or not Mormons should be allowed to settle in the county was placed on the August 6 ballot; a heavy majority favored expulsion of the Mormons. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. Joseph Smith and the criminal justice system, Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri 1841, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1968, "LDS Church History: LDS History, October 14, 1838", "The Extermination Order and How it was Rescinded", Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 1920, http://ldsliving.com/story/77142-porter-rockwell-7-unbelievable-facts-and-stories-you-didnt-know, "Clarification of Boggs' 'Order' and Joseph Smith's Constitutionalism", "Mormonism. [75], Meanwhile, exaggerated reports from the Battle of Crooked River made their way to Missouri's governor, Lilburn Boggs. [17] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. "[58], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. [13], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. 17 June . Agnes Smith, a sister-in-law of Joseph, was chased from her home with two small children when her home was burned. Thomas McBride surrendered his rifle to Jacob Rogers, who shot McBride with his own gun, then mangled his body with a corn knife while he was still alive. The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. [51][52] Although he was sympathetic to the Mormons' plight, Doniphan reminded the Latter-day Saints that the Caldwell County militia could not legally enter Daviess County, and he advised Mormons traveling there to go in small parties and unarmed. [76], On October 29, this large vigilante band of some 250 men assembled and entered eastern Caldwell County. This conflict is also sometimes referred to as the Missouri Mormon War to differentiate it from the Utah Mormon War (also known as the "Utah War") and the lesser known Illinois Mormon War. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the fi. [1] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. Members of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded by Joseph Smith, had gradually migrated from New York to northwestern Missouri since 1831, mainly settling in Jackson County, where tensions with non-Mormon residents led to episodes of anti-Mormon violence. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the war in Missouri. There was scarcely a Missourian's home left standing in the county. 137 relations. [1] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results. [16] Mormons had already begun buying land in the proposed Caldwell County, including areas that were carved off to become parts of Ray and Daviess Counties. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. [100], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. "[35] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. (Rockwood, Journal, 11 Nov. 1838, CHL.) [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). One historian notes that Governor Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and that there was no particular reason to suspect Rockwell of the crime. LDS Living. [53][56] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. Soon the "old Missourians" and the LDS settlers were engaged in a conflict sometimes referred to as the 1838 Mormon War. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. [102] Mormon residents were harassed and attacked by angry residents who were no longer restrained by militia officers. "[81] Other Latter Day Saint witnesses remembered that Smith said to "beg like a dog for peace. [24] Possession became unclear and the dissenters threatened the church with lawsuits. [66] According to one Latter Day Saint witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place."[67]. 780740 226073477 2008-07-16T18:35:16Z Karl Andrews 343115 /* Background */ 226073477 2008-07-16T18:35:16Z Karl Andrews 343115 /* Background */ Contents 1 Background 2 Compromise breaks down, 1838 3 Salt Sermon and Danites 4 The Election Day Battle at Gallatin 5 Mormons expelled from De Witt 6 Daviess County expedition 6.1 Marsh affidavit 7 Battle of Crooked River Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. During the conflict 22 people were killed (3 Mormons and 1 non-Mormon at Crooked River,[2] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody,[3] and 17 Mormons at Hauns Mill). Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. Citizens in Saline, Howard, Jackson, Chariton, Ray, and other nearby counties organized vigilance committees sympathetic to the Carroll County expulsion party. Add to Wish List Link to this Book Add to Bookbag Sell this Book Buy it at Amazon Compare Prices. On the first night of the march out of Carroll County, two Mormon women died. You might be referring to the 1838 Mormon War, a localized conflict between pro-slavery old time Missouri settlers and rapidly increasing numbers of converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who were mos. When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. King to answer the charges. Address to All Believers in Christ (An) Address to All Believers in the Book of Mormon (An) Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. 1838 Mormon War. List Price: $35.00. which rallied the Mormons and allowed them to drive off their opponents.[36]. Media in category "1838 Mormon War" The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. [48], On October 1, the mob burned the home and stables of Smith Humphrey. Seymour Brunson attacked Grindstone Fork. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." But problems only multiplied when Mormons settled in large numbers during a relatively short period of time in this region. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 state militia to put down what he perceived to be a Mormon insurrection against the state. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three "Mormon Wars". When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. Mormon is a nickname used by non-members taken from the Book of Mormon, scriptures translated by Joseph Smith by the power of God from an ancient record. [101], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. In 1834, Latter Day Saints attempted to effect a return to Jackson County with a quasi-military expedition known as Zion's Camp, but this effort also failed when the governor failed to provide the expected support.[15]. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. Mormon vigilantes, including many Danites, raided two towns believed to be centers of anti-Mormon activity, burning homes and stealing goods.22 Though . "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. [118], Joseph Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggsno longer governor, but campaigning for state senatewas attacked by an election opponent. These days, that conflict is known as the 1838 Mormon War. The conflict continued until early November, when the outnumbered Mormons surrendered and agreed to leave the state. A number of Missourians left the scene to obtain guns and ammunition and swore that they would "kill all the Saints they could find, or drive them out of Daviess County, sparing neither men, women or children". [35] Reminding Daviess County residents of the growing electoral power of the Mormon community, Peniston made a speech in Gallatin claiming that if the Missourians "suffer such men as these [Mormons] to vote, you will soon lose your suffrage." Mormon dissenters from Daviess County who had fled to Livingston County reportedly told Livingston County militia under Colonel Thomas Jennings that Mormons were gathering at Haun's Mill to raid into Livingston County. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. Tensions rose in Clay County as the Mormon population grew. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. Sunday, June 5, 2016. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. . Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri (1841). 3 Shot, Sumter Mob Hangs Negro. During a period of nearly four months, August through the end on November, 1838, seven major confrontations took place, and the Saints were required to defend themselves. [95], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. Samuel Bogart.jpg 526 703; 168 KB. Sometimes, it's also called the Missouri Mormon War. During the conflict 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Crooked River, one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody, and 17 Mormons at Haun's Mill). All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160 km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City . The Mormon War is a name that is sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. [25][26], At the same time Mormons, including Sampson Avard, began to organize a secret society known as the Danites, whose purposes included obeying the church presidency "right or wrong" and expelling the dissenters from Caldwell County. 11. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. The 1838 Mormon War was a conflict that occurred between the Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in Missouri from August to November 1838. The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. . Joseph Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggsno longer governor, but campaigning for state senatewas attacked by an election opponent. [58], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. The Militia broke ranks and fled across the river. To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. If they choose to remain, we must be content. They also reported the existence of the Danite group among the Mormons and repeated a popular rumor that a group of Danites was planning to attack and burn Richmond and Liberty. [13][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. I will not obey your order. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. John Corrill, one of the Mormon leaders, remembered: In 1837, problems at the church's headquarters in Kirtland, Ohio, centering around the Kirtland Safety Society bank, led to schism. [57], Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the events of the Daviess County expedition. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. The Missourians and their families, outnumbered by the Mormons, made their way to neighboring counties. When faced with the Mormon refugees from Missouri, the people of Quincy, Illinois, were outraged by the treatment the Mormons had experienced. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. [105], Smith and the other Mormons resettled in Nauvoo, Illinois, beginning in 1839. [63] None of these claims, however, purport to be eyewitness accounts. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. [1], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. They believed that the Indians were descendants of Israelites, and proselytized among them extensively. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by church leaders including Joseph Smith and also by elements of the Danite organization. One historian notes that Governor Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and that there was no particular reason to suspect Rockwell of the crime. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. Those minutes were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country. [35][36], When the Mormons heard a rumor that Judge Adam Black was gathering a mob near Millport, one hundred armed men, including Joseph Smith, surrounded Black's home. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. Missouri blamed the Mormons for the conflict and forced the Latter-day Saints to sign over all their lands in order to pay for the state militia muster. In Livingston County, a group of armed men forced Asahel Lathrop from his home, where they held his ill wife and children prisoner. On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! History of the Latter-day Saints in Northern Missouri from 1836 to 1839 (1965), Stephen 2 . [86] Other Latter Day Saint witnesses remembered that Smith said to "beg like a dog for peace". [61] None of these claims, however, purport to be eye-witness accounts. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[94]. If ye are faithful, ye shall assemble yourselves together to rejoice upon the land of Missouri, which is the land of your inheritance, which is now the land of your enemies.[5]. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. [57] The plundered goods were deposited in the Bishop's storehouse at Diahman. [26], The "Election Day Battle at Gallatin" was a skirmish between Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in the newly formed Daviess County, Missouri, on August 6, 1838. [26][28][29], On July 4, Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions". Be eyewitness accounts the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame Mormons! To discuss the Mormon refugees had been like dogs, '' warned.! 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